Corporate Sustainability as a Business Approach Free Essay Example, 2000 words

New benzene policies in the company will benefit a number of groups in the company. People working in the lower levels of the company, especially those working in the drying shed are likely to benefit if the implementation of the policies was to take place. According to Shapiro, groups of people working in the drying section dried the cake dumped in a rotating screen and washed with benzene. Although there was a vacuum box that partially recovered the benzene, the technology was outdated, and never worked well. As such, most of the benzene evaporated within the shed, making the atmosphere in the shed heavy with fumes, despite the construction that assumed an open-air style. According to Shapiro, benzene also known as a carcinogen has direct and statistically shows a valid correlation between benzene and leukemia as well as birth effects. Not only would they reap high benefits from the reduced concentration levels, but they would also enjoy favorable working conditions. With favorab le working conditions, the shareholders indirectly are likely to gain. Good working conditions are a motivating factor for workers in an organization. We will write a custom essay sample on Corporate Sustainability as a Business Approach or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page As he explained to her, because the project could not now show an adequate return on investment, and because the present process was technically "open-air" and, therefore, not contrary to OSHA regulations.

Causes And Treatment Of Chronic Disease - 1077 Words

Chronic diseases are becoming an enormous problem in many countries; in fact, it is the leader in cause of death in the United States. There are many different types of chronic diseases, for instance, Obesity, Epilepsy and seizures, and Type-2 Diabetes. Chronic disease becomes more common with age, yet these diseases are becoming more prevalent in younger kids for many different reasons and most chromic diseases are linked to each other. Type-2 diabetes impacts just about every part of the world, for example it has a prominent stand in Africa. Diabetes in Africa is challenging and puzzling, since most African countries only have 2-3% prevalence rate. It’s not a lot as of now but there is reason to believe that there will be an outbreak in Africa. Type-2 Diabetes is a chronic disease in which people have problems regulating their blood sugar. People with diabetes have high blood sugar because their bodies do not produce enough insulin, are not responsive to insulin, and a combi nation of both Type-2 diabetes is extremely common. The Centers for Disease Control and prevention (CDC) estimates that over 29 million children and adults in the United States have some form of diabetes. That is about 9 percent of the population. The vast majority of these people have type-2 diabetes. Type-2 diabetes is often preventable some of the risk factors for it are obesity, sedentary lifestyle, old age, family history of diabetes, history of gestational diabetes, and race or ethnicity. SoShow MoreRelatedChronic Respiratory Diseases ( Crd )1147 Words   |  5 Pagespaper will look into various aspects of chronic respiratory diseases (CRD). It will look at the prevalence of CRD in both Australia and China and the factors affecting both countries. It will also look into the prevention and treatment strategies for chronic respiratory diseases available in Australia and the health professionals involved in these strategies. Finally, it will look into one of the impacts in has on the community . Chronic respiratory diseases vary widely in severity and have many contributingRead MoreA Selected Leading Cause Of Death And State Why This Was Chosen1310 Words   |  6 Pagesyour selected leading cause of death and state why this was chosen. According to the American Liver Foundation, a healthy liver cleans blood, fights infection processes food and stores energy. The liver is able to regenerate itself, but when it becomes too damaged or is prevented from regenerating, it will fail and no longer be able to keep able to keep one alive (2015). Despite its ability to regenerate, chronic liver disease and cirrhosis is the twelfth leading cause of death of death in theRead MoreChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Essay1297 Words   |  6 PagesChronic obstructive pulmonary disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD, is a major contributing factor of worldwide deaths (Olendorf, 1999). What causes it to be a main factor of worldwide deaths? The objective of this paper is to address the disease COPD and to evaluate research studies related to this disease. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease affects nearly sixteen million people in the United States alone (Olendorf, 1999). It is also a wide-ranging name for additional correlatedRead MoreChronic Renal Failure Essay1256 Words   |  6 PagesChronic renal failure is a worldwide public health problem. Millions of Americans are affected by this disease each year. It is a common condition in which there is progressive loss of kidney functioning. The loss of function usually takes months or years to occur, sometime not appearing until kidney function is less than one-tenth of normal. The kidneys have the important job of filtering, wastes and excess fluids from your blood, which are then excreted in the urine (Huether, 2012). When the kidneysRead MoreEssay about Sci/163 Chronic Diseases653 Words   |  3 PagesChronic Diseases SCI/163 Essentials of Health and Wellness Chronic Diseases Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a chronic disease that overtime deprives an individual of the ability to breathe. It is currently the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. COPD is preventable, there are ways to diagnose this disease, and there is treatment. Tobacco smoke contributes to more than 90% of COPD diagnosis worldwide, and the other 10% is mainly made up of genetics, environment or occupationalRead MoreChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ( Copd )1059 Words   |  5 Pages Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Eduardo Martinez Kaplan College Cardiopulmonary Anatomy and Physiology RSP 120 Bruce Kennedy MHA, RRT January 1, 2016 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death in the United States. â€Å"COPD affects over 24 million Americans and our community stretches across all 50 states.† (COPD Foundation, 2016, p. 1). In this paper we will go over the main causes of COPD, what is emphysemaRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Chronic Pain1585 Words   |  7 PagesSPONDYLOSIS - CHRONIC PAIN SYNDROME Introduction and Definition of Chronic Pain About 100 million Americans suffer from Chronic Pain, defined as pain that lasts longer than six months. Chronic pain can be mild or excruciating, episodic or continuous, merely inconvenient or totally incapacitating. With chronic pain, signals of pain remain active in the nervous system for months or even years. This can take both a physical and emotional toll on a person. Causes and Etiology of Chronic Pain Chronic painRead MoreChronic Pain : Heart Disease And Cancer1130 Words   |  5 PagesWhen most people think of severe illnesses, examples such as diabetes, heart disease and cancer are considered the most devastating, with high death tolls and great negative impacts on families and individual’s quality of life. The media reinforces the idea of these as conditions that cause the greatest degree of suffering through movies and television shows dealing with the effects of these diseases, as depicted in the compilation â€Å"Top 6 Movies about Cancer† (Twin TV, 2016) and including the multipleRead MoreChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease1467 Words   |  6 PagesCOPD which is Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is known as a condition that progressively makes it harder to breathe because the airflow into and out of the lungs is reduced. This usually occurs because the airways and air sacs lose their elastic quality, the walls between the air sacs are destroyed, the wa lls of the airways become swollen, or if the airways are clogged because they made more mucus than usual. Three main conditions of this disease are emphysema, chronic obstructive bronchitisRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Chronic Kidney Disease845 Words   |  4 Pages Chronic kidney disease is defined as renal damage that has resulted in a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of less than 60 ml/min and has persisted longer than three months. The disease is irreversible and treatment must be maintained to preserve the quality of life. Management involves eliminating or controlling factors that may potentially cause additional damage to the kidneys. The leading cause of chronic kidney disease is diabetes mellitus, followed by untreated systemic hypertension. Less

What is a Remake Film Essay - 852 Words

A remake is a film that has been produced, based on, or inspired by, an already existing, older motion picture. Wether it be an allusion or a line-by-line retake of a movie, the term remake covers everything in the realm of reused material. However, the term generally pertains to a new version of an old film, usually with significant production and narrative changes. King Kong, released in 1933 by Merian C. Cooper and Ernest B. Schoedsack, is no exception. Legendary for its developments in soundtrack and visual effects, the original version of the film was the inspiration behind Peter Jackson’s want to become a director, remaking it in 2005 this time with new developments and interpretations of music and visual effects as well as story†¦show more content†¦Max Steiner’s 1933 soundtrack for King Kong was revolutionary. It was the first sound film to be accompanied by an original, non-diegetic, score that paralleled, supported and enhanced the narrative. These pioneering techniques strongly influenced the governing film scoring principles and have been used ever since. The 1933 King Kong uses an early variation of a technique called â€Å"mickey-mousing† which can be seen notably in scenes such as that with the Chieftain’s footsteps being synchronised, Kong as he searched for Jack on the cliff, and the low s trings imitating the aeroplanes in flight. It was also well known for its ground breaking use of themes/leitmotifs, short, reoccurring, musical phrases usually associated with a particular person or theme, such as a love theme for Ann and Kong as well as separate themes for their individual characters. â€Å"Mickey-mousing† was obsolete by 2005, however, and scores have become more preoccupied with defining the mood with fierce action music and emotional melodies like when Jack and Ann escape as it switches back and forth between frantic drumming as they’re chased and tentative suspense as Carl prepares the trap, for instance. Although, Peter Jackson’s version also uses motifs for characters such as Ann and Kong, however his themes change and develop as the characters and the relationship between the characters do. The personality of both films shines through greatly in their music. The original 1933Show MoreRelatedNightmare On Elm Street Movie Comparison Essay1359 Words   |  6 PagesBrooks English 1010 October 6, 2017 Nightmare On Elm Street Remake VS. Original Me being a total horror movie fanatic and with the remake craze taking the horror genre by storm, we all compare the remake to the original while  we’re watching it. One of the most classic horror films of all time, Nightmare on Elm Street, was originally made in 1984 and later got remade in 2010 after a slew of sequels. When Nightmare on Elm Street got a remake, everyone at that time had split decisions about the newRead MoreDesigning A Remake Centric Film Festival From A Project Essay1443 Words   |  6 Pagesto create a remake centric film festival from a project I did in another film class. In that class, my group and I decided to do a presentation on horror film remakes. While trying to decide on while two films to talk about, I found that a multitude of horror films had been remade. I continued looking up films that had been remade and eventually made it through the lengthy list of horror films, and found other genres that have had remakes. Once I found enough content to pad out a film line-up, I settledRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Father Of The Bride 1601 Words   |  7 PagesVincente Minelli’s 1950 film Father of the Bride and in Charles Shyer’s 1991 remake of the same name, respectively. Both films are extremely similar in content, as the remake borrows heavily on dialogue, temperament of characters, scene progression, and the overall essence of the theme of adoration between a father and his daughter, even though they are set 41 years apart. It would be foolish to say that post-war 1950s gender roles of the original film are the same of those of 90s remake, but regardlessRead MoreThe Manchurian Candidate by Johnathan Demme Essay1106 Words   |  5 PagesThe Manchurian Candidate, Johnathan Demme directed the remake. Both films portray paranoia, mind control, and conspiracy. Frankenheimer utilizes satire, humor, and symbolism to convey the themes, whereas, Demme uses modern fears, camera angles and focus, and mental illness to achieve similar results. Many of the elements of the 2004 remake have been modernized. While the original movie placed the soldiers in Korea, the remake placed them in Kuwait. Demme did changed the location of the war, in orderRead MoreEssay on Film Analysis Guess Who and Guess Whos Coming to Dinner1188 Words   |  5 PagesThe Hollywood movie Guess Who (2005) is a remake of Guess Whos Coming to Dinner (1967). Both films premises are about the same situation of an interracial marriage. The original revolved around a daughter bringing her black fiancà ©e to meet her white middle class family. This was a touchy and even controversial subject in 1967 but the film became an award winner. The 2005 update switches the roles around and with a stroke of genius we now have a white fiancà ©e meeting a black family. PersonallyRead More Film analysis Guess Who and Guess whos comming to dinner Essay1136 Words   |  5 Pages The Hollywood movie â€Å"Guess Who† (2005) is a remake of â€Å"Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner† (1967). Both film’s premises are about the same situation of an interracial marriage. The original revolved around a daughter bringing her black fiancà ©e to meet her white middle class family. This was a touchy and even controversial subject in 1967 but the film became an award winner. The 2005 update switches the roles around and with a stroke of genius we now have a white fiancà ©e meeting a black family. PersonallyRead MoreModern Films : The Issue Of Marketing In Modern Film1348 Words   |  6 PagesThe Issue of Marketing in Modern Film Sequels and remakes are currently the name of the game for blockbuster movies. In 2017, seven of the top ten earning films are either remakes or sequels, so clearly there is a good reason behind this trend. After all, entertainment companies are not being paid for who is the most creative. Clearly it is a great business decision to stick with what is not only the safest choice, but the one that will consistently bring in the most revenue for the producer. TheRead MoreFilm Analysis Of The Gangster Filmscarface 1662 Words   |  7 PagesThe Gangster film ‘Scarface’ (De Palma) is about the rise and fall of Cuban refugee turned drug lord, Tony Montana. Throughout the film the viewer witnesses Tony Montana’s narrative arc. The viewer watches as Tony Montana begins his arc as a petty criminal escaping from Cuba and metamorphizes into a drug king pin in America. The average viewer cannot empathize with the narrative arc of Tony Montana. But, the average viewer can empa thize with what Tony Montana is yearning for, the American dream.Read MoreOcean‚Äà ´s Eleven Movie1175 Words   |  5 Pagesseen when comparing movies from two different generations. The first Ocean’s Eleven movie from 1960 with Frank Sinatra shows different societal ideas and values than the film from 2001. The forty-one years that separate these movies had a multitude of changes among society and these changes can be seen with the style of each film. The focus of both Ocean’s Eleven movies had several things in common including the story. Eleven men planned and carried out one of the World’s largest heist ever at aRead MoreParent Trap Essay883 Words   |  4 PagesThese differences between original movies and remakes are apparent throughout the history of movies. During the 1960s, when the original movie The Parent Trap was published, divorce was a touchy topic. Many children did not even know what it was, because it was so rare. Divorce had become more common in 1998 when The Parent Trap was remade. More and more children were seeing their parents split up. How do changes, such as these, tell us about the time periods in which the movies were made? Both movies

Native American Stereotypes Essay - 1357 Words

Another issue is how Native Americans internalize the stereotypes that are forced upon them. In a study conducted by Fryberg, Markus, Oyserman, and Stone (2008), they found three common stereotypes of Native Americans in mass media: Spiritual people who are in tune with nature, warriors, or people with stereotypically bad outcomes, such as alcoholism. It is important to note that not all of these stereotypes are negative, and in fact a few of them are positive. What Fryberg et al. (2008) found, however, was that regardless if the stereotype was seen as positive or negative, all three of those variations caused harm in the form of â€Å"students’ feelings of personal and community worth, and achievement-related possible selves† (p. 216). It did†¦show more content†¦While there are many variables in this study, the results certainly demonstrate that ethnicity and discrimination play a role in resilience, both in the form of academic achievement and feelings of de spair. An extremely resilient Native American youth may be able to achieve high levels of academic success and keep their chin up in the face of despair, however, not everyone is made fully resistant to the wears and tears of stereotyping and discrimination. Race may be a social construct, however, it has very real consequences. Native Americans make up a miniscule percentage of American society, meaning that they are in the minority and are therefore subjected to the rule of the majority. That means that they are subjected to visions of America through white eyes, since whites make up the majority of America. White privilege, therefore, means being able to declare that Christopher Columbus discovered America, completely ignoring the fact that Native Americans resided here long before he arrived. White privilege means getting to write the history, since it is the winners who write history, and telling school children that the Pilgrims and Indians got along, and then glossing over events such as the Trail of Tears. White privilege means seeing Native American protests on TV, such the recent Standing Rock movement, and then having theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Stereotypes and Stereotyping of Native Americans2394 Words   |  10 PagesThe S tereotyping of Native Americans Until fairly recently the popular culture of American literature and film did not attempt to study the true representations of Indians in North America. Instead they chose to concentrate on the romanticized/savage version of Native people: which is an idealistic view of a Native with long, beautiful flowing hair riding on a horse obsessed with chanting and praying to the savageness of a rowdy, wild Native causing unnecessary mayhem to the white peopleRead More Stereotypes of Native Americans in Modern Films Essay examples1321 Words   |  6 PagesStereotypes of Native Americans in Modern Films There are many stereotypes about Native Americans which are promoted in todays films. Since the beginnings of the westward settlement people have been saying things about the Native Americans that are not necessarily true. They were depicted as savages and thieves. Like all peoples this is true about some, but not for all. In fact, it was the Native Americans which helped the pilgrims settle in this country in the first place. This never stoppedRead MoreIndians in Unexpected Places Essay902 Words   |  4 PagesDeloria, with his analytical survey, Indians in Unexpected Places, recounts the synthesis of western white expectations, and American Indians. The book takes its title from the general thesis, which explores not only the relationship between Indians and their introduction into an alien culture, but also the expectations that we have of Indians and how they â€Å"should† interact with our white western culture. According to Deloria, the common notion is that, â€Å"Ind ian people, corralled on isolated and impoverishedRead MoreThe Stereotypes Of Stereotypes And Stereotypes977 Words   |  4 PagesBreaking Stereotypes The labeling or stereotyping of different races often define how they are supposed to act, think, and conduct themselves within society. Stereotyping can have an extremely negative effect on individuals in a particular ethnic group that have a real potential to become something better than what their labels define them as. Stereotypes such as all Native Americans are uneducated and lazy, or all Caucasian people are racists, are assumptions that can cause hatred between racesRead MoreCulture Reading761 Words   |  4 Pageslake 455 e. Might husbands also look for their mothers when they choose wives? What examples of motherly behavior do you find in this essay? READ MORE Feminist Issues Strategy and Style f. What technique(s) does Brady use to introduce her essay? Comment on the effectiveness. g. How does Brady conclude? Is her conclusion long enough for this essay? h. Ms. is a popular publication, in contrast to a scholarly journal. In light of this, describe Bradys style and explain why she uses theRead MoreThe Movie Hell Or High Water Essay1488 Words   |  6 Pagesnamed. The phrase means a strong will to do something, regardless of any difficulties which may lie in the way. This is exactly the mindset of the two brothers in this crime thriller which takes place following the 2008 financial crisis. Through stereotypes, realism, and the struggle over representation, Hell or High Water shows that while people in West Texas may divide each other up by race and class, they are all united against the tyranny of the banks and large institutions. Hell or High WaterRead MoreNative Americans and the Issue of Alcoholism Essay1673 Words   |  7 PagesFollowing the European invasion in America, Native Americans came to endure many problems. While some have faded, others still linger on in their lives. The issue of alcohol and alcoholism is one of them. From settlers using it to deceive, to today’s issues on the reservation, alcohol has played a devastating role in the lives of Native Americans. Knowing how the issue of alcohol became such a predominate part of Native Americans lives will allow us to spawn ideas on how to end the problem. BeforeRead MoreThe Museum Of The American Indian897 Words   |  4 Pagesoverwhelming to the individuals visiting the site. The Smithsonian’s Museum of the American Indian dedicates itself to Native Americans in North and South America, and worked tirelessly with varying tribes to create a new standard. Some visitors and scholars found their work to be successful in design and approach while others found it to be lacking in execution. This institution does not approach Native American history in a familiar fashion; however it does cover an expansive period of time, andRead MoreThe Social Construction Of Race1743 Words   |  7 Pageshuman economic interest, current events, and ideology. There are certain racial definitions however, that have remained mostly the same despite efforts to bring attention to the offensiveness and immorality of such discriminatory thinking. These stereotypes are oftentimes negative and apply to members of minority races, which end up perpetuat ing themselves into various cultural outlets of society including the media and film. Through the use of such popular forms of entertainment, the definitions ofRead MoreAnalysis Of The Film Blaxploitation Films And Chappelle s Show 1633 Words   |  7 PagesWeekly Writing 3 Throughout history, American society has famously taken advantage of non-European cultures and traditions for their own entertainment. Major media companies, colleges, and athletic organizations have famously exploited the cultures and stereotypes of Native American’s and African Americans for the sole purpose of profit and increased entertainment value. In American society, there has been the era of â€Å"Blaxploitation films† in which African American’s society was shown through raunchy

Tax Evasion the Black Economy Free Essays

string(191) " has instead offered a plethora of appellations including: subterranean; hidden; grey; shadow; informal; clandestine; illegal; unobserved; unreported; unrecorded; second; parallel and black\." TAX EVASION It is the general term for efforts by individuals, corporations, trusts and other entities to evade taxes by illegal means. Tax evasion usually entails taxpayers deliberately misrepresenting or concealing the true state of their affairs to the tax authorities to reduce their tax liability and includes in particular dishonest tax reporting, such as declaring less income, profits or gains than actually earned or overstating deductions. Tax evasion is an activity commonly associated with the informal economy and one measure of the extent of tax evasion is the amount of unreported income, namely the difference between the amount of income that should legally be reported to the tax authorities and the actual amount reported, which is also sometimes referred to as the tax gap. We will write a custom essay sample on Tax Evasion the Black Economy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Tax avoidance, on the other hand, is the legal utilization of the tax regime to one’s own advantage to reduce the amount of tax that is payable by means that are within the law. Both tax evasion and avoidance can be viewed as forms of tax noncompliance, as they describe a range of activities that are unfavorable to a state’s tax system, though such characterization of tax avoidance is suspect, given that avoidance operates lawfully, within self-creating systems Smuggling Smuggling is importation or exportation of foreign products by unauthorized means. Smuggling is resorted to for total evasion of customs duties, as well as for the importation of contraband items. A smuggler does not have to pay any customs duty since the products are not routed through an authorized customs port, and therefore are not subjected to declaration and payment of duties and taxes. Ten countries with the largest absolute levels of tax evasion per year. It is estimated that global tax evasion amounts to 5 percent of the global economy. During the latter half of the twentieth century, value added tax (VAT) has emerged as a modern form of consumption tax through the world, with the notable exception of the United States. Producers who collect VAT from the consumers may evade tax by under-reporting the amount of sales. The US has no broad-based consumption tax at the federal level, and no state currently collects VAT; the overwhelming majority of states instead collect sales taxes. Canada uses both a VAT at the federal level (the Goods and Services Tax) and sales taxes at the provincial level; some provinces have a single tax combining both forms. In addition, most jurisdictions which levy a VAT or sales tax also legally require their residents to report and pay the tax on items purchased in another jurisdiction. This means that those consumers who purchase something in a lower-taxed or untaxed jurisdiction with the intention of avoiding VAT or sales tax in their home jurisdiction are in fact breaking the law in most cases. Such evasion is, especially, prevalent in federal states like the Nigeria, US and Canada where sub-national jurisdictions have the constitutional power to charge varying rates of VAT or sales tax. In Nigeria for example, some local states enforce VAT on each goods sold by trader. The price must be clearly stated and the VAT distinct from the price of the good purchased. Any act by the trader contrary to this (like including VAT in the price of the goods) is punishable as attempting to syphoning the VAT. Borders between tax districts in the same nation usually lack the resources to enforce tax collection on goods carried in private vehicles from one district to another, so states only pursue sales and use tax collection on high-value items such as cars. Government response The level of evasion depends on a number of factors, one of them being fiscal equation. People’s tendency to evade income tax declines when the return for due payment of taxes is not obvious. Evasion also depends on the efficiency of the tax administration. Corruption by the tax officials often render control of evasion difficult. Tax administrations resort to various means for plugging in scope of evasion and increasing the level of enforcement. Corruption by tax officials Corrupt tax officials cooperate with the tax payers who intend to evade taxes. When they detect an instance of evasion, they refrain from reporting in return for illegal gratification or bribe. Corruption by tax officials is a serious problem for the tax administration in a huge number of underdeveloped and southern European countries. Level of evasion and punishment Tax evasion is a crime in almost all developed countries and subjects the guilty party to fines and/or imprisonment. In Switzerland, many acts that would amount to criminal tax evasion in other countries are treated as civil matters. Dishonestly misreporting income in a tax return is not necessarily considered a crime. Such matters are handled in the Swiss tax courts, not the criminal courts. In Switzerland, however, some tax misconduct is criminal, for example, deliberate falsification of records. Moreover, civil tax transgressions may give rise to penalties. It is often considered that extent of evasion depends on the severity of punishment for evasion. Normally, the higher the evaded amount, the higher the degree of punishment. BLACK ECONOMY / BLACK MARKET Is the economy in which illegal goods are traded. Du e to the nature of the goods traded, the economy itself is forced to operate outside the formal economy, supported by the established state power. Typically the totality of such activity is referred to with the definite article as a complement to the official economies, by market for such goods and services, e. g. â€Å"the black market in bush meat†. The black market is distinct from the grey market, in which commodities are distributed through channels which, while legal, are unofficial, unauthorized, or unintended by the original manufacturer, and the white market, the legal market for goods and services. Worldwide, the underground economy is estimated to have provided 1. 8 billion jobs. Background The literature on the black market has avoided a common usage and has instead offered a plethora of appellations including: subterranean; hidden; grey; shadow; informal; clandestine; illegal; unobserved; unreported; unrecorded; second; parallel and black. You read "Tax Evasion the Black Economy" in category "Essay examples" This profusion of vague labels attests to the confusion of a literature attempting to explore a largely uncharted area of economic activity. There is no single black economy; there are many. These black economies are omnipresent, existing in market oriented as well as in centrally planned nations, be they developed or developing. Those engaged in underground activities circumvent, escape or are excluded from the institutional system of rules, rights, regulations and enforcement penalties that govern formal agents engaged in production and exchange. Different types of underground activities are distinguished according to the particular institutional rules that they violate. Five specific underground economies can be identified: 1. Illegal Economy 2. Unreported Economy 3. Unrecorded Economy 4. Informal Economy 5. Criminal Acts 1. ILLEGAL ECONOMY The â€Å"illegal economy† consists of the income produced by those economic activities pursued in violation of legal statutes defining the scope of legitimate forms of commerce. Illegal economy participants engage in the production and distribution of prohibited goods and services, such as drug trafficking, arms trafficking, and prostitution. 2. UNREPORTED ECONOMY The â€Å"unreported economy† consists of those economic activities that circumvent or evade the institutionally established fiscal rules as codified in the tax code. A summary measure of the unreported economy is the amount of income that should be reported to the tax authority but is not so reported. A complementary measure of the unreported economy is the â€Å"tax gap†, namely the difference between the amount of tax revenues due the fiscal authority and the amount of tax revenue actually collected. 3. UNRECORDED ECONOMY The â€Å"unrecorded economy† consists of those economic activities that circumvent the institutional rules that define the reporting requirements of government statistical agencies. A summary measure of the unrecorded economy is the amount of unrecorded income, namely the amount of income that should (under existing rules and conventions) be recorded in national accounting systems (e. g. National Income and Product Accounts) but is not. Unrecorded income is a particular problem in transition countries that switched from a socialist accounting system to UN standard national accounting. New methods have been proposed for estimating the size of the unrecorded (non-observed) economy. But there is still little consensus concerning the size of the unreported economies of transition countries. 4. INFORMAL ECONOMY The â€Å"informal economy† comprises those economic activities that circumvent the costs and are excluded from the benefits and rights incorporated in the laws and administrative rules covering property relationships, commercial licensing, labor contracts, torts, financial credit and social security systems. A summary measure of the informal economy is the income generated by economic agents that operate informally. The informal sector is defined as the part of an economy that is not taxed, monitored by any form of government, or included in any gross national product (GNP), unlike the formal economy. In developed countries the informal sector is characterized by unreported employment. This is hidden from the state for tax, social security or labor law purposes but is legal in all other aspects. On the other hand, the term black market can be used in reference to a specific part of the economy in which contraband is traded. Pricing Goods acquired illegally take one of two price levels: They may be cheaper than legal market prices. The supplier does not have to pay for production costs or taxes. This is usually the case in the black economy. Criminals steal goods and sell them below the legal market price, but there is no receipt, guarantee, and so forth. They may be more expensive than legal market prices. The product is difficult to acquire or produce, dangerous to handle or not easily available legally, if at all. If goods are illegal, such as some drugs, their prices can be vastly inflated over the costs of production. Black market can form part of border trade near the borders of neighboring jurisdictions with little or no border control if there are substantially different tax rates, or where goods are legal on one side of the border but not on the other. Products that are commonly smuggled like this include alcohol and tobacco. However, not all border trade is illegal. Prostitution Prostitution is illegal or highly regulated in most countries across the world. These places form a classic study of the black economy, because of consistent high demand from customers, relatively high pay, but labor intensive and low skilled work, which attracts a continual supply of workers. While prostitution exists in every country, studies show that it tends to flourish more in poorer countries, and in areas with large numbers of unattached men, such as around military bases. Prostitutes in the black market generally operate with some degree of secrecy, sometimes negotiating prices and activities through codewords and subtle gestures. In countries such as the Netherlands, where prostitution is legal but regulated, illegal prostitutes exist whose services are offered cheaper without regard for the legal requirements or procedures— health checks, standards of accommodation, and so on. In other countries such as Nicaragua where legal prostitution is regulated, hotels may require both parties to identify themselves, to prevent the rise of child prostitution. Weapons Fire Arms trafficking The legislatures of many countries forbid or restrict the personal ownership of weapons. These restrictions can range from small knives to firearms, either altogether or by classification (e. g. caliber, automation, etc. ), and explosives. The black market supplies the demands for weaponry that cannot be obtained legally, or may only be obtained legally after obtaining permits and paying fees. This may be by smuggling the arms from countries where they were bought legally or stolen, or by stealing from arms manufacturers within the country itself, using insiders. In cases where the underground economy is unable to smuggle firearms, they can also satisfy requests by gunsmithing their own firearms. Those who may buy this way include criminals to use for illegal activities, gun collectors, and otherwise law abiding citizens interested in protecting their dwellings, families or businesses. Illegally logged timber Illegally logged timber is a huge problem. According to interpol, the illegal logging industry is worth almost as much as drug production industry, in some countries. Animals and animal products Ivory trade / Wildlife trade In many developing countries, living animals are captured in the wild and sold as pets. Wild animals are also hunted and killed for their meat, hide, organs, †¦ Organs and other animal parts are sold for use in traditional medicine. Alcohol / Tobacco It has been reported that smuggling one truckload of cigarettes from a low-tax US state to a high-tax state can lead to a profit of up to $2 million. The low-tax states are generally the major tobacco producers, and have come under enormous criticism for their reluctance to increase taxes. Biological Organs Trade Organ trade is the trade involving inner organs (heart, liver, kidneys, etc. ) of a human for transplantation. There is a worldwide shortage of organs available for transplantation, yet trade in human organs is illegal in all countries except Iran. The problem of organ trafficking is widespread, although data on the exact scale of the organ market is difficult to obtain. Whether or not to legalize the organ trade, and the appropriate way to combat illegal trafficking, is a subject of much debate. Software piracy Street vendors in countries where there is scant enforcement of copyright law, particularly in Asia and Latin America, often sell deeply discounted copies of films, music CDs, and computer software such as video games, sometimes even before the official release of the title. A determined counterfeiter with a few hundred dollars can make copies that are digitally identical to an original and suffer no loss in quality; innovations in consumer DVD and CD writers and the widespread availability of cracks on the Internet for most forms of copy protection technology make this cheap and easy to do. How to cite Tax Evasion the Black Economy, Essay examples

Competitive Advantage In Business As Well †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Competitive Advantage In Business As Well? Answer: Introduction The essay demonstrates the essentiality of influencing the buying behaviour, which can allow the companies to generate more sales revenue and gain a competitive advantage in business as well. The major factors that are responsible for influencing the behaviours of consumers and how the business organisations utilise the research activities for their marketing strategies have been illustrated here as well (Baker, 2014). Key factors that influence the consumer behaviour The consumers' behaviors are influenced by four major factors such as psychological factors that include motivation, perception of customers regarding a particular brand product, management of values and beliefs, etc., personal factors like age, occupation, lifestyle, personality, social factors including roles and status of individuals and lastly the cultural factors that include the culture, social class systems, etc. The social class structures create an impact on the norms, values and beliefs and allow people to make a decision while purchasing a product (Ferrell Hartline, 2012). One of the theories that resulted in influencing the social class is the trickledown effect where the people present in the lower social classes embrace the behaviours of consumers in the upper class. The consumers present in the lower class often lack proper knowledge and expertise to make decisions, and in such cases too, the upper class plays a major role in influencing their behaviours (Hair Jr Luk as, 2014). Another important factor that influences the consumer behaviour is the income of individuals. The individuals who earn more have better flexibility to make judgments while purchasing. The blue-collared consumers have higher incomes than the white collared consumers, and thus they have higher social status, which also impacts their behaviours during the purchase of a products or service. Occupation of individuals is responsible for income generation along with the proper knowledge that can be gained with the help of education level (Hollensen, 2015). Education level helps individuals to obtain information about the things that they are going to purchase, so it is essential for influencing their behaviours, potential of income and patterns of spending. The other factors influencing consumer behaviours are family background, social interactions, areas where they live, etc. The masculinity and fashion consumption also influence consumer behaviours and determines the success and achieveme nt of something, avoiding feminine things, focus more on being dominant and aggressive, etc. Men are more time conscious, have less patience and focus on completing the shopping activities within less time (Jobber Ellis-Chadwick, 2012). Thus the quality of products and convenience while purchasing products and services. Materialism is another major factor that determines the needs of physical products by individuals and can influence the consumer behaviours. The involvement of customers with the brand and the brand image and value offered can even create a positive mindset among customers and influence their buying behaviours (Wilson et al., 2012). Ways by which companies utilize research in this area for their own marketing strategies The key factors influencing the consumer buying behaviours are assessed by the business organisations to conduct a research and develop proper marketing strategies. This could help in managing manifestation of the market, allow every market segments to consume products in good numbers and ensure that the companies generate good amounts of profit in business. The materialism enables the customers to consume the products based on their status and level of knowledge regarding the products and services delivered by the business organisations (Baker, 2014). The consumers who buy more have the most positive attitudes and behaviours, and this can also influence the consumer buying behaviour. The better the quality of products and services are, the easier it becomes for influencing the behaviours of consumers. The present economic conditions in the market such as a positive economic condition within the business environment can make the customers become more confident and change their mindse t regarding the purchases made (Ferrell Hartline, 2012). The purchasing power of consumers also enhances their ability to buy products and services with ease and effectiveness. Conclusion The essay was created for understanding the major factors that had driven the buying behaviours of consumers in the market. It could be seen that the economic conditions within the market, brand engagement, quality of products and services along with lifestyle, status, income and occupation of individuals had been responsible for influencing the consumer buying behaviours. It was even seen that the factors were analysed to design proper approaches and strategies of marketing and ensure that the business flourish rapid References Baker, M. J. (2014).Marketing strategy and management. Palgrave Macmillan. Ferrell, O. C., Hartline, M. (2012).Marketing strategy, text and cases. Nelson Education. Hair Jr, J. F., Lukas, B. (2014).Marketing research(Vol. 2). McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Hollensen, S. (2015).Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Jobber, D., Ellis-Chadwick, F. (2012).Principles and practice of marketing(No. 7th). McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Wilson, A., Zeithaml, V. A., Bitner, M. J., Gremler, D. D. (2012).Services marketing: Integrating customer focus across the firm. McGraw Hill./p